Programmable matter: MIT building self-assembling robots for space

In this talk

1. 0:36

   What ElectroVoxels are

   ElectroVoxels are small modules that can rearrange themselves to form different 3D shapes. The approach builds structures from many components that assemble from the bottom up, rather than designing each structure as a fixed object.

2. 1:42

   Why use electromagnets

   Nisser says small self-moving modules are difficult to build because each needs computation, sensors, and actuators. His team embeds electromagnets in the modules as a lower-cost, easier-to-manufacture alternative to large motors, with the aim of making the system in large numbers.

3. 3:20

   Space uses and changing structures

   The team is exploring space because microgravity makes it easier for weak electromagnets to move modules. Reconfigurable structures could adapt to different conditions, including changing their inertia to affect how easily they rotate. Nisser also describes a possible form of recyclable 3D printing, where modules change from one shape into another.

4. 9:06

   How the prototype moves

   A prototype cube is about 60 millimeters on each side and has electromagnets in all 12 edges, plus circuit boards, a microcontroller, and batteries. By controlling current direction, the magnets can attract or repel to create pivoting motions. The team demonstrated pivot and traversal movements on a low-friction air table, then repeated them during a parabolic flight.

5. 15:56

   What the team is working toward

   Nisser sees space as a useful setting for self-assembly, where building and shipping structures are difficult. The team is also trying to miniaturize the modules so they can move against gravity on Earth. It is tuning magnet geometry, materials, coil windings, and current to increase force while keeping mass low.